Wednesday, August 1, 2012

كاس المشاكل المصري او كاس السوبر المصري نظرا للمشاكل التي واجهت اقامة هذه المباراة قبل اقامتها والتي نامل ان تمر علي خير   مشاهده ممتعه الاهلي وانبي في كاس السوبر انضم الي صفحتنا علي الفيس بوك لمزيد من التفاصيل و اخر الاخبار. وصلت الحافلة التي تقل فريق الأهلي إلى ملعب برج العرب من أجل خوض مباراة السوبر أمام إنبي. وكانت أنباء قد تواترت حول إلغاء هذه المباراة بسبب مخاوف من تجاوزات الأولتراس. وحسبما أفاد مراسل  فإن فإن حافلة النادي الأهلي قد تحركت صوب ملعب المباراة من أجل خوض المباراة ووصلت وسط حراسة الشرطة. وكذلك الحال...
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Sunday, June 17, 2012

Directors, Commissioners & Shareholders Meeting

Directors, Commissioners & Shareholders Meeting Indonesian corporate structure is different from the common law system, since it adopts a two-tier management structure instead of a single-tier management. The management structure comprises of Board of Directors  (“BOD- Direksi”) and Board of Commisioners  (“BOC-Dewan Komisaris”). Senior officers are responsible for the company’s actual management in the operational sense is the Direksi. Even though there is one director, there is usually more...
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Separate Legal Entity,Incorporation,Share Capital and Voting Rights Separate Legal Entity  PT, as an Indonesian company,  is a legal person who has a legal identity separate from its shareholders. Thus, shareholders are not personally liable for the obligations of the company. The shareholders have limited liability to the extent that their liability for the acts of the company can be limited to their capital contribution. Nevertheless, there are some limited possibilities to pierce this corporate veil, for...
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The (New) Company Law Framework

The (New) Company Law Framework  Ever since Indonesia’s independence, business sectors and mainly business enterprises have played an important role in fostering Indonesia’s economic  growth. There are various regulations that govern Indonesian business organizations. Presently, the laws of Indonesian business organizations are primarily governed by the Law on Limited Liability Company, Law No.1 of 1995 (Undang-Undang tentang Perseroan Terbatas or “UUPT”) which is considered modern Indonesian company...
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business law:Types of Business Organizations:

Types of Business Organizations: business law:Types of Business Organizations:Indonesia’s commercial sector recognizes three principal categories of business organizations: sole proprietorship, partnership (general or limited) and company. Sole proprietorship is generally used in the informal sector, since its nature and activities are of the informal sector. For example, it does not require formal registration to Indonesian authorities.   There are three types of partnership:  persekutuan perdata (maatschap...
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Chapter VI:BUSINESS LAW:A. COMPANY LAW

Chapter VI:BUSINESS LAW:A. COMPANY LAW Introduction  Since the implementation of the 25-year economic development-planning program, Indonesian economic growth can be attributed to an increase in participation of small and large business enterprises. Not only has there been an increase in assets and capital accumulation, enlistment of human resources, but also business resources (which from  time to time create a business cycle). One of the business entities that dominate, in the Indonesian business sector,...
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Thursday, June 7, 2012

Listening 2: Meeting with corporate counsel

Listening 2: Meeting with corporate counselFollowing two years of increasing sales in southern Europe, Chance Computing wants to break into the more competitive central European market. Jenny Miller, Sales Director of Chance Computing, has asked Clive Sanborn, corporate counsel, for advice on terminating a number of agency agreements. 28 6.2 Listen to the first part of their conversation and answer these questions. 1 Why does Chance Computing want to end the agreements with their agents in southern Europe? 2 What is the maximum amount of compensation...
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Reading 5: The Commercial Agents (Council Directive) Regulations 1993The Commercial Agents (Council Directive) Regulations 1993 (as amended) is an example of an EU directive incorporated into English law, and implements EU Directive 86/653, as referred to in the commercial agency contract in Exercise 23. 25 Quickly read Regulation 17(1) on the next page and answer these questions. 1 What is the general aim of the regulations? 2 Under the Act, what two words are used to refer to the money to which an agent might be entitled following the termination...
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Reading 4: Commercial agency contract1

Reading 4: Commercial agency contract1The ICC2 Model Commercial Agency Contract is commonly used by businesses entering a new market, and is an example of a standard form3 contract. Its provisions are based on prevailing practice in international trade rather than national laws. 21 What are the advantages of using a standard form contract based on common business practices rather than negotiating contracts according to domestic laws? 22 What kind of provisions would you expect to find in a commercial agency contract? 23 Chance Computing is a UK-based...
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Reading 3: Role of commercial agents

Reading 3: Role of commercial agentsMost companies engaged in international trade make use of agents to represent them abroad. The relationship between agent and principal is commonly governed by a commercial agency agreement, and the European Union has sought to harmonise1 its member states’ agency laws in order to give agents greater protection. This text is taken from the introduction to a document written to inform lawyers about recent changes in the law concerning commercial agency agreements. 18 Read the text and decide whether these statements...
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Reading 2: Commercial law internship

Reading 2: Commercial law internship14 Read this text. Where do you think it appeared? Powderhouse Sommerville LLP International Commercial Law Internship The international commercial law fi rm Powderhouse Sommerville LLP launched its International Commercial Law Internship at the University Law School in 2006 and has renewed it for the current academic year. Powderhouse Sommerville LLP is one of the world’s largest law fi rms, with over 1,600 lawyers and 15 offi ces in North America, Europe and Asia. Professor May Rikos, Director of the University...
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Speaking 1: Internships

Speaking 1: InternshipsIn Listening 1, Michael Grant described his internship with a maritime law firm. It is common for law-school students to work in the summer months as an intern in a law firm, government department, non-profit group or organisation. An internship can be paid or unpaid. Some internships lead to course credits which count towards a law degree. 9 Discuss these questions with a partner. 1 Have you done an internship? If so, describe the organisation and your duties there. 2 What do you think makes an internship a valuable experience?...
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Listening 1: Profile of a commercial lawyer

Listening 1: Profile of a commercial lawyer Just as commercial law itself encompasses many distinct fields of law, commercial lawyers often deal with different areas of commercial activity in the course of their careers. You are going to hear the podcast of an interview with Michael Grant, an associate at a commercial law firm, which appears on the website of the alumni association of an Australian university. 5 6.1 Listen and answer these questions. 1 Why has he decided to return to university? 2 What does he advise law students regarding career...
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Key terms: Fields, institutions and concepts in commercial law

Key terms: Fields, institutions and concepts in commercial law 3 Look at the areas of activity in commercial law mentioned in the first paragraph of the text above and answer these questions. Use the glossary if necessary. 1 Which field deals with the legal rights associated with products of the mind, such as patents, copyrights and trademarks? 2 Which field involves the laws and regulations governing market behaviour, particularly agreements and practices that restrict free enterprise? 3 Which institution deals with the supply of credit information...
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Commercial law: THE STUDY OF LAW

Commercial law: THE STUDY OF LAW: THE STUDY OF LAW Lead-in 1 Commercial law is the body of law that governs trade and commerce. Discuss these questions in small groups. 1 What bodies of law govern commerce in your jurisdiction? 2 How would a contract dispute between two companies from different jurisdictions be settled? 3 Which international bodies do you know that set guidelines for commercial transactions? Reading 1: Commercial law 2 Read the text below and decide whether these statements are true (T) or false (F). 1 Commercial law is a general...
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